The purpose of this research is to suggest a Christian ethical alternative in relation to the use of human embryos in stem cell research through a theological illumination on the beginning point of human beings. For this purpose, I first examined seve ...
The purpose of this research is to suggest a Christian ethical alternative in relation to the use of human embryos in stem cell research through a theological illumination on the beginning point of human beings. For this purpose, I first examined several historical instances in which Christian traditions and science have conflicted and struggled. As a result, I found that religious circles have reestablished their theology in response to new science through the process of shock, rejection, dispute, and adjustment.
In the same manner, religious circles showed over-reactions to new science in the early stages of the life cloning era. As such examples, the reproach that life cloning is 'playing God', the misunderstanding that a clone is the same biological being as the cell donor, and the contention that a cloned human being has no soul and spirit can be listed. However, as time passed, people have come to realize that life cloning technology itself is neither good nor evil, and that the clone and the cell donor are not the same beings biologically. Furthermore, the position asserting that agamogenetically reproduced organisms, which have all the same characteristics of their species, are the same beings as sexually reproduced organisms is being clarified. Accordingly, the opinion that a cloned human being will also have a human soul and spirit is gaining influence. Such changes make us realize the meaninglessness of unconditional opposition to the high-tech life sciences, and stress the need to devote ourselves to related theological research.
The ethical evaluation on the act of using human embryos in researches varies depending on the appreciation regarding the beginning point of a human being. Accordingly, I attempted to designate the point through an ontological approach by analysing 'the fertilization theory' and '14-day-theory' intensively. In order to designate the point, criteria such as succession, latency, and identity were reviewed scientifically and philosophically, and the Bible and Christian traditions were reilluminated theologically. Such an attempt gave a good opportunity to comprehend the various positions on the status of the human embryo, but it did not give a clear answer regarding the beginning point of a human being ontologically. Accordingly, I seek to suggest an ethical alternative to the best of my knowledge in deferring the conclusion on the question, 'When does an embryo become a human being '
The ethical alternative of this paper is that 'embryonic stem cell research using only the remaining embryos can be allowed under strict management and regulation.' It is an ethical alternative that respects the life and human rights of the embryos, and at the same time enables the proceeding of embryonic stem cell research. The nothing-is-lost view is presented as the first basis of such an alternative. As the second basis, the encouraging-good-deed view is presented. The alternative acknowledges the position that the embryos are living beings, but it also embraces the position that saving the life of others through their sacrifice can be encouraged if the remaining embryos are to be killed after all.
It is risky to overlook the dignity of life to support any kind of embryonic stem cell research in the name of healing diseases. On the contrary, the unconditional rejection of new science can be turned into a dogmatism. The life cloning technology uses the same creativity given by God as is used in other technologies. If we adhere to the idea of accepting only traditional understandings, which were formed under limitations of past science and culture, as the absolute truth, we can commit a blunder of opposing to deal with new issues which occur with the change of the times. The theological and ethical research in relation to the high technology such as life and human cloning should be proceeded incessantly.