The study is aimed at identifying the pattern of exchange between the Goryeo and Mongol Empire, and comparing it broadly with that of other polities engaged in relations with the empire at the same time and with that of Korea-China relations at differ ...
The study is aimed at identifying the pattern of exchange between the Goryeo and Mongol Empire, and comparing it broadly with that of other polities engaged in relations with the empire at the same time and with that of Korea-China relations at different times.
The names of the tribute and the return gift were largely the same as those of the Korea-China relations at different times, but the nature of the material-exchanging practice under the name was quite different, depending on the period of the Goryeo-Mongol relationship. If it is divided into two large groups according to the background of its implementation and the meaning it contains, the first is Chinese oriented and traditional tribute and return gift, and the second is nomadic oriented and economic ones.
The former demanded symbolic action, which was repeated in the sense of maintaining a formal and justifiable relationship, and the resulting economic benefits were not significantly valued. The latter, on the other hand, was achieved by directly bringing huge profits from the dominant. In the case of the Mongolian Empire, if the area was a complete exile of the Empire, it could have been realized in an extreme way. However, from Mongolia's perspective, the additional task of the Japanese conquest or defense from it lies in the situation where the cooperation of the Goryeo Dynasty was desperately needed, so they had to find a proper way to utilize and mobilize it.
In this year, King Chungnyeol's position as the Imperial Son-in-Law and king of the Goryeo Dynasty was firmly recognized, and the the Goryeo Dynasty was exempted from paying the annual tribute that lasted for 20 years to the Mongolian Empire. The nature of tax with a nomadic origin disappeared, and they were converted to Chinese traditional tribute. As King Chungnyeol gained the status of the Imperial Son-in-Law, it was understood that Mongolian elements were introduced or applied to the Goryeo-Mongol relationship as well. At least, however, in the opposite case, the Mongolian elements were largely weakened and the traditional Chinese logic was used more.
Such a change can be interpreted as a change in the logic of the two countries' relationship, and further a change in the nature of the relationship itself. In the early days of the Kublai throne, when the Mongol Empire was walking along its expansion path, it showed an intention to manage the Goryeo Dynasty in a similar way to other masked areas that came under the control of the empire. This is representative of the annual tribute collected in consideration of what is widely seen in the serving areas of the Mongol Empire - but not found in the existing Korea-China relations - during the same period. However, as the Chinese practices were borrowed in the Kublai regime, it can be understood that the traditional logic was actively employed in the way of treating neighboring countries in East Asia. As a result, the annual tribute in the past had also been reduced to a ceremonial gift.
The study is aimed at identifying the pattern of exchange between the Goryeo and Mongol Empire, and comparing it broadly with that of other polities engaged in relations with the empire at the same time and with that of Korea-China relations at different times.
The names of the tribute and the return gift were largely the same as those of the Korea-China relations at different times, but the nature of the material-exchanging practice under the name was quite different, depending on the period of the Goryeo-Mongol relationship. If it is divided into two large groups according to the background of its implementation and the meaning it contains, the first is Chinese oriented and traditional tribute and return gift, and the second is nomadic oriented and economic ones.
The former demanded symbolic action, which was repeated in the sense of maintaining a formal and justifiable relationship, and the resulting economic benefits were not significantly valued. The latter, on the other hand, was achieved by directly bringing huge profits from the dominant. In the case of the Mongolian Empire, if the area was a complete exile of the Empire, it could have been realized in an extreme way. However, from Mongolia's perspective, the additional task of the Japanese conquest or defense from it lies in the situation where the cooperation of the Goryeo Dynasty was desperately needed, so they had to find a proper way to utilize and mobilize it.
In this year, King Chungnyeol's position as the Imperial Son-in-Law and king of the Goryeo Dynasty was firmly recognized, and the Goryeo Dynasty was exempted from paying the annual tribute that lasted for 20 years to the Mongolian Empire. The nature of tax with a nomadic origin disappeared, and they were converted to Chinese traditional tribute. As King Chungnyeol gained the status of the Imperial Son-in-Law, it was understood that Mongolian elements were introduced or applied to the Goryeo-Mongol relationship as well. At least, however, in the opposite case, the Mongolian elements were largely weakened and the traditional Chinese logic was used more.
Such a change can be interpreted as a change in the logic of the two countries' relationship, and further a change in the nature of the relationship itself. In the early days of the Kublai throne, when the Mongol Empire was walking along its expansion path, it showed an intention to manage the Goryeo Dynasty in a similar way to other masked areas that came under the control of the empire. This is representative of the annual tribute collected in consideration of what is widely seen in the serving areas of the Mongol Empire - but not found in the existing Korea-China relations - during the same period. However, as the Chinese practices were borrowed in the Kublai regime, it can be understood that the traditional logic was actively employed in the way of treating neighboring countries in East Asia. As a result, the annual tribute in the past had also been reduced to a ceremonial gift.
However, there was a change in the opposite direction at the same time in the name of the materials that the Mongol Empire gave to Goryeo Dynasty. It was mentioned that the king of Goryeo was given an annual grant just like other Imperial Princes of the Empire. However, this was only nominal. It was hard to think of the practice of distributing its share to the king in an environment in which the central Mongolian Empire did not collect based on the population and production of the actual Goryeo Dynasty, i.e. in which the King's independent rule was recognized, unlike in other areas of the Empire. It may be understood that all possible red-tape arrangements were mobilized in a friendly manner.